grade control in platinum mines

Cut-Off grade is the minimum grade required in order for a mineral or metal to be economically mined (or processed). Material found to be above this grade is considered to be ore, while material below this grade is considered to be waste. Although in a variety of units can be used, the cut-off grade …

Mining Analytics Quality Assurance Quality Control In the mining industry is QA/QC - Quality Assurance/Quality Control - of utmost importance for a sound deposit evaluation process. Octoplus Information Solutions (Pty) Ltd has over the years ... specific element at a specific grade…

CHAPTER 4: MINING WASTE. This chapter covers the different types of mining waste, how they are formed and how they are disposed of or used. Mining operations can generate enormous amounts of waste (i.e. waste rock and tailings) that must be managed and handled in a way that avoids negative environmental impact.

Using the World Gold Council's g/t standard, many of the world's high-grade gold mines are in the United States, Russian, and Peru. The Fire Creek mine in …

In 1975, South Africa was responsible for producing 40% of the gold ever mined. By 2010, however, China affirmed its status as the world's largest gold producer with production of 324 tonnes of gold, followed by Australia (222.8 tonnes), and South Africa with 219.8 tonnes. Today, South Africa produces only 4.2% of the world's gold.

The model is created to demonstrate the distribution of grade throughout a tailings dump and to also verify the bulk volume using the survey data produced by surveyors. Knowing the deposition history of a tailings dump and, possibly, past process plant efficiencies, gives an idea of what to expect in terms of mineralogy and metals of interest.

Mining industry requires greats amounts of energy to extract and process resources, including a variety of concentration and refining processes, which normally depend on the mineral extracted, the ore grade, economic issues and mining conditions, among other factors. Using energy consumption information, different sustainability issues can be addressed, such as the relationship with ore grade ...

mining method to increase the run of mine (ROM) grade and extraction percentages in the bord and pillar mining of the UG2 orebody on Anglo Platinum mines. The site of investi-gation was Frank 1 shaft on Rustenburg Platinum Mine (RPM). Problem statement From the middle to the end of 2002, with the sharp weakening of the rand against the major

Pitram's mining grade control software utilises mine design, survey and production data to provide real-time stockpile balances and metals stocks throughout the mining operation to assist with the accuracy of grade control. Grade control is critical to practical excavation plans.

Direct. Anglo American plc's ownership of Anglo American Platinum Limited (AAPL) is 78.9%. AAPL is a company incorporated in South Africa and listed on the JSE. Its principal mining operations are the Mogalakwena and Amandelbult platinum group metals mines, which are located in South Africa.

Platinum Bushvelder - Northam Eland - STRATA CONTROL OFFICER GRADE: C UPPER BAND - Eland Platinum Mine is a mining operation which forms part of the Northam Platinum Limited group. It is situated near the vibrant towns of the North West Province—Brits and Hartebeestpoort and Pretoria, the administrative capital city of South Africa. The mine is a high quality growth-enabling …

Although this project is not yet finalised, Mogalakwena Platinum Mine is already providing a blueprint for the effective development, implementation and optimisation of sustainable in-pit grade control RC drilling for other open pit mines within Anglo American plc. FORMAL CITATION:Kirk, G, Muzondo, T and Harney, D, 2011.

The average grade of platinum-group elements (PGEs) in ores mined for their PGE concentrations range from 5 to 15 ppm. In most rocks, platinum-group minerals range in size from less than a micron to a few hundred microns in diameter, so the presence of PGEs must be confirmed by laboratory analysis.

The low-grade chromite produced as a byproduct during the treatment of UG2 ore is also sold, ... Platinum mining on a large scale began around 1926, and before the 1920s were over, no less than seven mining operations had started in South Africa. ... Control is such that some furnace gas (at about 1% SO 2) can also be treated.

Platinum Weekly - Northam Eland - STRATA CONTROL OFFICER GRADE: C UPPER BAND - Eland Platinum Mine is a mining operation which forms part of the Northam Platinum Limited group. It is situated near the vibrant towns of the North West Province—Brits and Hartebeestpoort and Pretoria, the administrative capital city of South Africa. The mine is a high quality growth-enabling asset currently …

Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal.Its name is derived from the Spanish term platino, meaning "little silver".. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements.It has six naturally occurring isotopes.

The underground mining methods we use include room and pillar, narrow vein stoping and large-scale mechanised mining. Room and pillar mining is a style of mining where tunnels are driven in a chess board pattern with massive square pillars between them …

Mining and exploration activities for precious metals ..., silver, and the platinum group elements (PGEs). In most instances – such as mining, ore grade control, and exploration of rich zones – precious metals can be detected directly. In other occurrences – where very low concentrations

This means knowing the costs and practicalities of mining and processing for a particular product. A cut-off grade (COG) is an industry-accepted standard expression used to determine what part of a mineral deposit to include in a mineral resource estimate (MRE). For MRE reporting, COGs tend to be rounded down to ensure that material of no ...

Grade control technology improves efficiency, increasing the productivity and profitability of an operation. Grade control systems allow machinery to operate at a continuous pace, rather than having to stop for a grade checker to come and measure the excavation, as with conventional equipment – a process that often needs reworking.

The grade of material that can pay for this（the costing, processing and marketing) but for no stripping is the breakeven mining cutoff grade. A second cutoff grade can be used for blocks that are below the mining cutoff grade and would not be mined for their own value. These blocks may be mined as waste by deeper ore blocks. The cost of ...

mining is necessary to ensure the delivery of suitable ore to the processing plant, in order to keep the overall operating costs at a minimum. A complex control system is in place and is capable of a high degree of selectivity. The paper describes the grade control system in place at Skorpion Mine …

Platinum group elements (PGEs) are an important resource for many applications, such as automotive catalytic converters for vehicles, jewelry, electrical devices and as catalysts in the chemical and petroleum industries. At present, the greatest share of global PGE supply is extracted from the South African Bushveld Complex and from the Zimbabwean Great Dyke. In this context, this article ...

Learn all about platinum as a precious metal, and the centuries long processes of mining and refining that have made it so integral to many parts of the world. Enjoy a detailed discussion on the history of platinum mining and refining, including facts, figures, pictures and charts to help explain.

grade control decision points for a platinum mine Mandi Woollam A Project Report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science in Engineering .

The average IMPALA PLATINUM MINE monthly salary ranges from approximately R 4 000 per month for Cleaner to R 90 000 per month for Shift Manager. Salary information comes from 73 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 months. Please note that all salary figures are ...

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESOF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHANDSAFETY Second edition Benjamin O. ALLI INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA Xpress text - Prelims (pp.i-xiv):Intro-CH1 (p.1-40) 27/06/2008 15:14 Page iii

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Bokoni | Atlatsa Resources. Bokoni is an operating mine located on the north-eastern limb of the Bushveld … value with a 2:1 platinum:palladium ratio and has a high UG2 reserve grade of /t 4E.… a diciplined approach to orebody management and grade control. »More detailed

2 Improved Grade Control using RC Drilling at Mogalakwena Platinum Mine, South Africa Gabby Kirk 1, Trust Muzondo 2and Dirk Harney 3 1. Principal Mining Geologist, Anglo American PLC, 45 Main ...